Limitation Periods

The following article appeared in the latest edition of the Hamilton Law Association Law Journal.

The Income Tax Act (Canada) (the “Act”) contains numerous limitation periods that affect when the Canada Revenue Agency (the “CRA”) can issue an assessment to a taxpayer and when a taxpayer can and cannot dispute such an assessment. Understanding these limitation periods is an important pre-requisite for advising clients about a wide variety of legal problems, including, for example, the expiry period for representations and warranties in a share purchase agreement.

Dividend Caps

Sometimes we receive instructions for incorporation that include a request to create shares with a fixed redemption amount and a right to receive unlimited dividends. We generally advise against creating such shares, especially if they are to be used in a freeze, because we are concerned that the fair market value of such a share will not be equal to its redemption amount, especially if the share will be held by a controlling shareholder.

Non-competes, again

Thursday last I tried, once again, to explain the restrictive covenant rules in proposed section 56.4 of the Income Tax Act (Canada) to a seminar hosted by the Hamilton Law Association (please send an email to me if you would like a copy of the PowerPoint presentation). I’m not sure how well I succeeded. I find the rules difficult to work with and impossible to explain because they are so full of apparently random tricks and traps.