De Facto Control

I am regularly asked whether it is possible to “multiply” the small business deduction (the SBD), and just as regularly I find it difficult to provide easy-to-understand advice and guidance. The association rules are complex, and even if their technical requirements are met the CRA can still reassess to require corporations to share the SBD on the grounds that they are controlled de facto by the same person. Two recent cases show that the courts are willing to uphold such reassessments.

The Charter and the Tax Court

Subsection 171(1) of the Income Tax Act (Canada) (the Act) sets out the jurisdiction of the Tax Court in income tax appeals. In general, the subsection does not permit the Tax Court to review the process by which the Minister arrives at an assessment. Rather, the Tax Court is empowered to determine only whether the amount of tax assessed is correct. It appears that even the Charter of Rights does not change this position: see Burrows v. The Queen, 2005 TCC 761 (not yet available online).